The most common causes of foundation damage include:

1. Soil Moisture Issues:

   • Too Much Moisture: Excessive water can cause soil to expand, leading to foundation uplift or settling. This often results from poor drainage, rain, or plumbing leaks137.

   • Too Little Moisture: Dry conditions cause soil to shrink, pulling away from the foundation and leading to cracks and instability57.

2. Soil Types:

   • Expansive Soils: These soils, like clay, expand when wet and shrink when dry, causing foundation stress and damage468.

   • Soil Erosion: Water can erode soil beneath the foundation, creating voids that undermine its support12.

3. Improper Construction:

   • Poor Site Preparation: Inadequate soil compaction or incorrect foundation design can lead to future problems148.

   • Inferior Materials: Using substandard materials during construction can weaken the foundation4.

4. Environmental Factors:

   • Sinkholes: Natural or man-made voids can cause sudden foundation collapse17.

   • Tree Roots: Large trees can dry out the soil, leading to shrinkage and foundation issues4.

5. Drainage and Plumbing Issues:

   • Poor Drainage: Clogged gutters or improperly graded yards can lead to water accumulation around the foundation37.

   • Plumbing Leaks: Unnoticed leaks can saturate the soil, causing erosion and foundation movement48.